Industry association, the Thermal Insulation Products & Systems Association SA (TIPSASA), comments on the importance of fire safety in buildings and the role of thermal insulation. 

TIPSASA’s executive director, Des Schnetler, explains why fire safety is a crucial consideration when selecting and installing thermal insulation, especially in buildings and industrial facilities.  

Meeting building regulations and safety codes 

The application of the National Building Regulations SANS 10400-T Fire Protection and SANS 53501-1 Reaction to fire, classify insulation materials based on the flame spread, droplets and smoke development. 

Compliance from manufacturers and designers ensures that buildings meet the legal requirements.  

“This is why it is so important to not allow specification changes by contractors,” advises Schnetler. 

Reaction to fire classifications 

Thermal insulation products are now tested in accordance with their reaction to fire.  

That is the response of a product in contributing by its own decomposition to a fire to which it is exposed under specific conditions. 

Why does this matter?  

The adoption of EN 13501-1 (SANS 53501-1), which was included in the revision of SANS 10400-T:2024 Edition 5 and published in February 2024, enables South Africa to compare its locally manufactured thermal insulation products and systems with imported products. 

This new fire classification is a harmonised fire classification system to compete internationally.  

It should be noted that each country still has its own building regulations for applications in the different building occupancy classes. 

Reducing toxic smoke and gasses 

Some synthetic insulation materials release toxic fumes (e.g., carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide) when burned.  

“This can be more dangerous than the fire itself, hence the inclusion of smoke measurement, improving the survival chances,” says Schnetler. 

Insulation as fire barriers 

The primary function of thermal insulation is to reduce heat loss/gain leading to thermal comfort and a reduction of the energy cost. However, insulation can affect how fire behaves within walls, roofs and other building elements. 

“Thermal Insulation is not intended as fire barriers, unless designed as such and tested in accordance with SANS 10177-2 Fire testing of materials, components and elements used in buildings Part 2: Requirements for fire resistance test for building elements,” Schnetler cautions. 

“Fire-resistant” insulation helps maintain structural stability, integrity and insulation, reducing the risk of structural collapse.  

Protecting critical infrastructure 

In industrial settings, such as refineries or power plants, thermal insulation is used to protect pipes and machinery. Fire-resistant insulation prevents overheating and potential ignition in high-risk areas. 

Saving lives 

Choosing the right fire-rated insulation materials enhances safety, reduces fire risks, and protects lives and property.  

“Always ensure that the insulation meets fire safety standards and is installed correctly to maximise its effectiveness,” Schnetler concludes. 

Understanding the revision of SANS 10400-T:2024 Edition 5 and how it pertains to insulation and fire is critical for legal buildings. 

For more information, contact the Thermal Insulation Products & Systems Association SA (TIPSASA): 

Tel: +27 861 000 334/ +27 12 663 1480 

Email: info@tipsasa.co.za 

Website: www.tipsasa.co.za